Learning from the Sanctions Decade
Journal article — Summer 2000
“Learning from the Sanctions Decade” by George A. Lopez and David Cortright, Global Dialogue, vol. 2, no. 3 (Summer 2000).
Positive Inducements in International Statecraft
Report — June 2000
“Positive Inducements in International Statecraft” by David Cortright in Fraser Forum. Based on a paper of the same title commissioned by the Fraser Institute (June 2000).
Economic Sanctions and Genocide: Too Little, Too Late, and Sometimes Too Much
Book chapter — 2000
“Economic Sanctions and Genocide: Too Little, Too Late, and Sometimes Too Much,” by George A. Lopez in Protection Against Genocide: Mission Impossible? ed. by Neal Riemer (Praeger, 2000).
The Sanctions Decade: Assessing UN Strategies in the 1990s
Book — 2000
Since the end of the Cold War, economic sanctions have been a frequent instrument of UN authority, imposed by the Security Council against nearly a dozen targets. Some efforts appear to have been successful, others are more doubtful; all, though, have been controversial. This book is based on more than two hundred interviews with sanctions experts and officials from the UN and many countries. It provides the first comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of UN sanctions during the 1990s.
End UN Sanctions against Iraq
Newspaper article — 20 August 1999
“End UN Sanctions against Iraq” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez, The Los Angeles Times, 20 August 1999.
Sanctions and the Search for Peace in Yugoslavia
Newspaper article — 12 May 1999
“Sanctions and the Search for Peace in Yugoslavia” by David Cortright, The Christian Science Monitor, 12 May 1999.
Give Peace a Chance Before Balkans Spin Out of Control
Newspaper article — 12 April 1999
“Give Peace a Chance Before Balkans Spin Out of Control” by David Cortright and Alistair Millar, Defense News, 12 April 1999.
Are Sanctions Just? The Problematic Case of Iraq
Journal article — Spring 1999
“Are Sanctions Just? The Problematic Case of Iraq” by David Cortright and George A. Lopez, Journal of International Affairs, vol. 52, no. 2 (Spring 1999).
More Ethical than not: Sanctions as Surgical Tools
Journal article — March 1999
“More Ethical than not: Sanctions as Surgical Tools,” by George A. Lopez in Ethics & International Affairs (March 1999).
Morbidity and Mortality among Iraqi Children from 1990 to 1998: Assessing the Impact of Economic Sanctions
Report — March 1999
To gain a more accurate picture of sanctions-related mortality in Iraq, the Fourth Freedom Forum and Kroc Institute commissioned public health specialist Richard Garfield of Columbia University to conduct an independent study. In this study the author evaluates the studies that have been conducted on Iraq to date and takes a fresh look at possible new methodologies for determining sanctions-related mortality, especially for children under five years of age.